Tips & Definitions:
Digital communication: Digital communication, as opposed to analogue communication refers to all emerging communications and technologies via a digital platform usually combining text, graphics, sound, and video, utilising computer or mobile technology. On a simplistic level, communication systems constitute a sender, a communication channel, to carry the signal, and a receiver. However, to understand the subject on a deeper level, it is important to be aware of basic probability, communication compression and redundancy, random variables, Probability Density Functions, and Bayesian Inference.

Computer: general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently. The computer and all equipment attached to it are called hardware. The instructions that tell it what to do are called "software." A set of instructions that perform a particular task is called a "program" or "software program." What a Computer Does The instructions in the program direct the computer to input, process and output as follows: Input/Output The computer can selectively retrieve data into its main memory (RAM) from any peripheral device (terminal, disk, tape, etc.) connected to it. After processing the data internally, the computer can send a copy of the results from its memory out to any peripheral device. The more memory it has, the more programs and data it can work with at the same time. Storage By outputting data onto a magnetic disk or tape, the computer is able to store data permanently and retrieve it when required. A system's size is based on how much disk storage it has. The more disk, the more data are immediately available. Processing (The 3 C's) The computer performs all processing by "calculating," "comparing" and "copying" the data stored in its memory (RAM). Calculate The computer can perform any mathematical operation on data by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing one set with another. Compare The computer can analyze and evaluate data by matching it with sets of known data that are included in the program or called in from storage.

Understanding topography also impinges on soil conservation, especially in agriculture. Contour plowing is an established practice of enabling sustainable agriculture on sloping land, and is the practice of plowing along topographic lines. Topography is critical militarily because it determines the ability of armed forces to take and hold areas, and to move troops and material into and through areas. Topography is important in determining weather patterns. Two areas in fairly close proximity geographically may differ radically in characteristics such as precipitation because of elevation differences or because of a "rain shadow" effect. Tectonic processes and erosional processes are the determiners of topography. Tectonic processes such as orogenies cause land to be elevated, and erosional (and weathering) processes cause land to be worn away to lower elevations. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit. Oceans and continents exemplify highest-order landforms. A number of factors, ranging from plate tectonics to erosion and deposition can generate and affect landforms. Biological factors can also influence landforms -- see for example the role of plants in the development of dune systems and salt marshes, and the work of corals and algae in the formation of coral reefs.